Sebaceous Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction

A sebaceous cyst is a common, harmless skin lump that can appear on many parts of the body. Often, people notice these bumps under the skin and wonder if they are serious. In most cases, sebaceous cysts are not dangerous. However, it is important to know the causes, symptoms, and treatment options. This guide will help you understand sebaceous cysts and what to do if you find one.

What is a Sebaceous Cyst?

Simply put, a sebaceous cyst is a small, round bump under the skin. It forms when a gland in the skin, called a sebaceous gland, gets blocked. As a result, a soft lump filled with a thick, oily substance develops. Usually, these cysts are painless and grow slowly. However, sometimes they can become red, sore, or infected.

Common Causes

There are several reasons why sebaceous cysts may form. Understanding these causes can help you prevent them in the future. For example, cysts often develop when:

The skin is injured or damaged

A hair follicle gets blocked

There is a buildup of oil or dead skin cells

Genetic conditions make cysts more likely

Additionally, people with acne or oily skin may notice cysts more often. Sometimes, cysts appear for no clear reason at all.

Recognizable Symptoms

Most sebaceous cysts are easy to spot. However, it is helpful to know the signs. Look for these symptoms:

A round, smooth lump under the skin

Soft or firm texture

Skin color may stay the same or look slightly yellow

Slow growth over time

Sometimes, redness or tenderness if infected

Usually, these cysts do not hurt. But if they become swollen, painful, or start to leak, you should pay extra attention.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors can often diagnose a sebaceous cyst by simply looking at it. However, in some cases, they may need to:

Feel the lump to check its size and texture

Ask about your medical history

Order an ultrasound or other imaging test if the lump is large or unusual

Take a small sample (biopsy) to rule out other skin conditions

Because most sebaceous cysts are benign skin growths, extra tests are not always needed. Still, it is wise to get any new or changing skin lump checked by a doctor.

Treatment Options

Many sebaceous cysts do not need treatment. However, if a cyst is painful, infected, or bothersome, there are several ways to remove it. Treatment options include:

Draining the cyst with a small cut

Removing the entire cyst through minor surgery

Using antibiotics if the cyst is infected

It is important not to squeeze or pop a cyst at home. Doing so can cause infection or scarring. Instead, let a healthcare provider handle cyst removal safely.

Prevention Tips

While not all sebaceous cysts can be prevented, you can lower your risk with a few simple steps. For instance:

Keep your skin clean and dry

Avoid picking or squeezing bumps

Use gentle skin care products

See a doctor for any skin injuries that do not heal

Additionally, treating acne and oily skin may help prevent new cysts from forming.

When to See a Doctor

Most sebaceous cysts are harmless. However, you should see a doctor at Gupta Hospital if:

The cyst grows quickly

It becomes red, painful, or warm

There is pus or drainage

You notice changes in the skin around the lump

You are unsure if the lump is a cyst

Early medical advice can help prevent complications and ensure proper care.

In summary, sebaceous cysts are common and usually not serious. However, if you have concerns about a skin lump, consult a specialist at Gupta Hospital for personalised guidance on sebaceous cysts.