Understanding Fissures: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What Are Fissures?

Fissures are small tears or cracks in the lining of the anus. These tears can cause pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements. Anal fissures are common and can affect people of all ages. However, they are most often seen in young adults and middle-aged people. Because fissures can be painful, it is important to understand their symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

Common Symptoms of Fissures

Many people notice symptoms soon after a fissure develops. For example, you may feel a sharp pain during or after passing stool. Other signs can include:

Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl

Itching or irritation around the anus

A visible crack or tear in the skin near the anus

A small lump or skin tag near the fissure

Sometimes, the pain can last for several hours. If you notice these anal fissure symptoms, it is wise to seek advice.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can lead to fissures. Most often, they occur when you pass hard or large stools. However, other causes include:

Chronic constipation or diarrhea

Straining during bowel movements

Childbirth, especially after a difficult delivery

Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease

Anal infections or trauma

Additionally, some people are more at risk. For instance, infants and older adults may develop fissures more easily. People with certain health conditions may also be at higher risk.

How Fissures Are Diagnosed

Doctors can often diagnose fissures with a simple exam. First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms. Then, they may gently examine the area around your anus. In most cases, this is enough for a fissure diagnosis. Sometimes, further tests are needed. For example, if the fissure does not heal or if you have other symptoms, your doctor may suggest:

Anoscopy (a small tube to look inside the anus)

Colonoscopy (if other bowel problems are suspected)

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications and speeds up healing.

Treatment Options for Fissures

Treatment for fissures often starts with simple steps. Most fissures heal on their own within a few weeks. However, you can speed up healing and ease pain by:

Eating more fiber to soften stools

Drinking plenty of water

Taking warm sitz baths for 10-20 minutes

Using over-the-counter creams or ointments

If these steps do not help, your doctor may suggest:

Prescription creams to relax the anal muscles

Botox injections to reduce muscle spasms

Minor surgery to help the fissure heal

According to the CDC and medical journals, most people recover fully with proper care.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Preventing fissures is possible with a few healthy habits. For example, you can:

Eat a high-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily

Avoid straining during bowel movements

Exercise regularly to keep your bowels moving

Use gentle, unscented toilet paper

Additionally, treating constipation or diarrhea quickly can lower your risk. These steps help in preventing fissures and keeping your digestive system healthy.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, fissures do not heal on their own. If your symptoms last more than two weeks, it is time to see a doctor. Also, seek help if you notice:

Severe pain that does not get better

Heavy bleeding

Signs of infection, such as fever or pus

Repeated fissures or other bowel problems

Early treatment can prevent further issues and help you feel better sooner.

For personalized guidance on fissures, consult a specialist at Gupta Hospital. They can help you find the best treatment and prevention plan for your needs.